Keyboard Shortcuts For Ubuntu Operating System

Here Is the Ubuntu Shoetcut Keys Ubuntu is an operating system based on linux. It is also among the best and most popular operating system among all linux sytems. Numerous users have installed ubuntu in their machine. The most important feature of Ubuntu that attracts users is that it is very user friendly. Today I am listing keyboard shortcuts of Ubuntu that will ease you a lot in using Ubuntu. 

List Of Keyboard Shortcuts For Ubuntu  :-

• Alt + F1 = opens the Applications menu  
• Alt + F2 = opens the Run Application dialog box.  
• Alt + F3 = opens the Deskbar Applet  
• Alt + F4 = closes the current window.  
• Alt + F5 = unmaximizes the current window  
• Alt + F7 = move the current window  
• Alt + F8 = resizes the current window.  
• Alt + F9 = minimizes the current window.  
• Alt + F10 = maximizes the current window  
• Alt + Space = opens the window menu.  
• Ctrl + A = Select all
• Ctrl + C = Copy the highlighted content to clipboard  
• Ctrl + V = Paste the clipboard content  
• Ctrl + N = New (Create a new document, not in terminal)  
• Ctrl + O = Open a document  
• Ctrl + S = Save the current document 
• Ctrl + P = Print the current document  
• Ctrl + W = Close the close document  
• Ctrl + Q = Quit the current applicationKeyboard shortcuts for GNOME desktop  
• Ctrl +Alt + F1 = Switch to the first virtual terminal  
• Ctrl + Alt + F2(F3)(F4)(F5)(F6) = Select the different virtual terminals  
• Ctrl + Alt + F7 = Restore back to the current terminal session with X  
• Ctrl + Alt + Backspace = Restart GNOME  
• Alt + Tab = Switch between open programs  
• Ctrl + Alt + L = Lock the screen.  
• Ctrl + Alt + + = Switch to next X resolution  
• Ctrl + Alt + - = Switch to previous X resolution  
• Ctrl + Alt + Left/Right = move to the next/previous workspaceKeyboard shortcuts for TerminalCtrl + A = Move cursor to beginning of line  
• Ctrl + E = Move cursor to end of line  
• Ctrl + C = kills the current process.  
• Ctrl + Z = sends the current process to the background.  
• Ctrl + D = logs you out.  
• Ctrl + R = finds the last command matching the entered letters.  
• Enter a letter, followed by Tab + Tab = lists the available commands beginning with those letters.  
• Ctrl + U = deletes the current line.  
• Ctrl + K = deletes the command from the cursor right.  
• Ctrl + W = deletes the word before the cursor.  
• Ctrl + L = clears the terminal output  
• Shift + Ctrl + C = copy the highlighted command to the clipboard.  
• Shift + Ctrl + V (or Shift + Insert) = pastes the contents of the clipboard.  
• Alt + F = moves forward one word.  
• Alt + B = moves backward one word  
• Arrow Up/Down = browse command history  
• Shift + PageUp / PageDown = Scroll terminal outputKeyboard shortcuts for CompizAlt + Tab = switch between open windows  
• Win + Tab = switch between open windows with Shift Switcher or Ring Switcher effect  
• Win + E = Expo, show all workspace  
• Ctrl + Alt + Down = Film Effect  
• Ctrl + Alt + Left mouse button = Rotate Desktop Cube  
• Alt + Shift + Up = Scale Windows  
• Ctrl + Alt + D = Show Desktop

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How to turn XP SP2 into SP3 or even more

start> Run> type in 'regedit'
Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, then SYSTEM, then CurrentControlSet, then windows
From here on in click "CSDVersion" and click modify, change "0x00000200" (SP2) to "0x00000300" by typing 300 in the field where 200 once was.
Close it down,
Restart (MAKE SURE YOU RESTART)

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Hide Hard-Disk Drives Without 3rd Party Software on Windows

Here is a cool technique which hides entire hard disk drives by a simple procedure.

This is the best security tip to be employ against unauthorised users.

1) Go to Start > Run > type "diskpart".

A DOS window will appear with following description.

DISKPART>

2) Then type "list volume"

The result will look something like one as shown below-

3) Suppose you want to hide drive E then type "select volume 3"

Then a message will appear in same window { Volume 3 is the selected volume}

4) Now type "remove letter E"

Now a message will come { Diskpart Removed the Drive letter }

sometime it requires to reboot the computer.

Diskpart will remove the letter.

Windows XP is not having capabilty to identify the unknown volume.

Your Data is now safe from unauthorised users.

To access the content of hidden Drive repeat the process mentioned above. But in 4th step replace " remove" by "assign".

It means type "assign letter E".

if havent understand

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Changing Text On XP Start Button

Step 1 – Modify Explorer.exe File
In order to make the changes, the file explorer.exe located at C:\Windows needs to be edited. Since explorer.exe is a binary file it requires a special editor. For purposes of this article I have used Resource Hacker. Resource HackerTM is a freeware utility to view, modify, rename, add, delete and extract resources in 32bit Windows executables and resource files (*.res). It incorporates an internal resource script compiler and decompiler and works on Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME, Windows NT, Windows 2000 and Windows XP operating systems.

get this from h**p://delphi.icm.edu.pl/ftp/tools/ResHack.zip

The first step is to make a backup copy of the file explorer.exe located at C:\Windows\explorer. Place it in a folder somewhere on your hard drive where it will be safe. Start Resource Hacker and open explorer.exe located at C:\Windows\explorer.exe.

The category we are going to be using is “String Table”. Expand it by clicking the plus sign then navigate down to and expand string 37 followed by highlighting 1033. If you are using the Classic Layout rather than the XP Layout, use number 38. The right hand pane will display the stringtable. We’re going to modify item 578, currently showing the word “start” just as it displays on the current Start button.

There is no magic here. Just double click on the word “start” so that it’s highlighted, making sure the quotation marks are not part of the highlight. They need to remain in place, surrounding the new text that you’ll type. Go ahead and type your new entry. In my case I used Click Me!
You’ll notice that after the new text string has been entered the Compile Script button that was grayed out is now active. I won’t get into what’s involved in compiling a script, but suffice it to say it’s going to make this exercise worthwhile. Click Compile Script and then save the altered file using the Save As command on the File Menu. Do not use the Save command – Make sure to use the Save As command and choose a name for the file. Save the newly named file to C:\Windows.

Step 2 – Modify the Registry
!!!make a backup of your registry before making changes!!!

Now that the modified explorer.exe has been created it’s necessary to modify the registry so the file will be recognized when the user logs on to the system. If you don’t know how to access the registry I’m not sure this article is for you, but just in case it’s a temporary memory lapse, go to Start (soon to be something else) Run and type regedit in the Open field. Navigate to:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ SOFTWARE\ Microsoft\ Windows NT\ CurrentVersion\ Winlogon

In the right pane, double click the “Shell” entry to open the Edit String dialog box. In Value data: line, enter the name that was used to save the modified explorer.exe file. Click OK.

Close Registry Editor and either log off the system and log back in, or reboot the entire system if that’s your preference. If all went as planned you should see your new Start button with the revised text.[/b]

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Yahoo Messenger multiple login

Simply close your messenger if it is On and then follow the following steps :

1. Go to Start --> Run . Type regedit, then enter.
2. Navigate to HKEY_CURRENT_ USER --> Software -->yahoo -->pager-->Test
3. On the right page , right-click and choose new Dword value .
4. Rename it as Plural.
5. Double click and assign a decimal value of 1.

Wow you finished it.Simply start the messenger and login your account.once you sign in.again click on the Yahoo messenger (From wherever you have started it last time)Voila !!it gives you another chance to login though you are logged in your first account.this way you can now log into multiple yahoo accounts.Enjoy!!!

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Breaking The XP Password

In case of user password boot the pc in safemode by pressing the F8 key and then selecting the Safe Mode option. You can now logon as an administrator and XP wont prompt for the password. Incase of an administrator account try rebooting the pc in DOS. access C:\Windows\system32\config\sam . Rename SAM as SAM.mjNow XP wont ask for password next time You Login. Also

• Go to the cmd prompt .
• Type net user *.
• It will list all the users.
• Again type net user "administrator" or the name of the administrator "name" *.
• e.g.: net user aaaaaa *(where aaaaaa is the name).
• It will ask for the password.
• Type the password and there you are done.
• Logging In As Administrator:

Hold the Ctrl-Alt key and press Del twice. This will bring up the normal login and you can log on as Administrator.

To unhide the Administrator account so it does show up:

Start Regedit

Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Windows NT \ CurrentVersion \ Winlogon \ SpecialAccounts \ UserList

Unhide the Administrator key by giving it a value of 1

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Reinstall Your All Drivers In 5 Minutes

DriverMax is a new software which allows you to easily reinstall all your Windows drivers. No more searching for rare drivers on discs or on the web or inserting one installation CD after the other. Simply export all your current drivers (or just the ones that work OK) to a folder or a compressed file. After reinstalling Windows you will have everything in one place!

Most of the situations when Windows is running slower are caused by faulty driver installations. Windows stores all versions of older drivers just in case you want to go back; sometimes it messes up older versions with more recent ones. The Export Wizard will only export the drivers you select by copying the needed files to a folder or a compressed ZIP file

After reinstalling Windows all drivers will be back in place in less than 5 minutes - sparing you of searching, inserting disc after disk and losing precious time. The Import Drivers wizard allows you to install all the drivers that you exported earlier. The entire operation might take up to 5-10 minutes.

Just one single computer restart will be required after all drivers are reinstalled!

DriverMax is able to display a complete report of all drivers (versions, release dates) installed on your system. This feature can also be very useful when you want to analyze the differences between the drivers installed on different machines.

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Computer Reboot automatically and gives Stop Error 0x0000007E, BSOD error

Stop Error 0x0000007E After SP3 is installed , Gives BSOD Stop Error for a second and reboot again.Problem after installation of Windows XP Service Pack 3. Computer Restarts after start up, it prompts for a reboot. This process will continue unless the computer is started in Safe Mode. In Safe mode the computer boots correctly and everything seems fine.

This problem only appears on some systems after upgrading to SP3. This particular problem on systems that have been prepared with SysPrep. The sysprep image was created on an Intel based computer, and then the sysprep image is deployed on a Non-Intel system such as an AMD processor. In these cases, the registry entry for Intelppm is incorrectly set and causes the computer to go into a continuous reboot after the service pack has installed.

How Can I Solve This Problem?
1) Start your computer in Safe Mode.
2) Click on Start, Run, and type REGEDIT and press Enter. This will open the Registry Editor.
3) Click the pluses(+) next to the following registry keys to navigate to the correct spot. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesIntelppm
4) In the right hand column find the entry titled START and double-click on it
5) Change the number to 4 and click Ok
6) Close the Registry Editor
7) Shut down your computer and restart

This time the computer should restart normally and finish the installation of SP3.

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How to turn off Low Disk Space warning in Windows XP ?

Annoyed by the Low disk space warning that comes in the tray icon whenever your disk runs out of space ? Do you want to turn of the Low disk space warning ?

• Open your registry editor by typing " REGEDIT " in the run prompt .
• Navigate as follows : HKEY_CURRENT_USER\ Software\ Microsoft\ Windows\
• CurrentVersion\ Policies\ Explorer.
• Now Right Click in the right pane , Click New -> Dword and name it as NoLowDiskSpaceChecks. .
• Double-click on NoLowDiskSpaceChecks, and enter the value as 1, and press OK.

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How to remove Virus from USB Drives

One of the ways by which a virus can infect your PC is through USB/Pen drives. Common viruses such as ’Ravmon’ , ‘New Folder.exe’, ‘Orkut is banned’ etc are spreading through USB drives. Most anti virus programs are unable to detect them and even if they do, in most cases they are unable to delete the file, only quarantine it. Here are the things which you can do if you want to remove such viruses from your USB Drive


Whenever you plug a USB drive in your system, a window will appear similar to the one shown below

Don’t click on Ok , just choose ‘Cancel’. Open the Command Prompt by typing ‘cmd‘ in the run box. In the command prompt type the drive letter: and press enter . Now type dir /w/a and press enter.

This will display a list of the files in the pen drive. Check whether the following files are there or not

• Autorun.inf
• Ravmon.exe
• New Folder.exe
• svchost.exe
• Heap41a
• or any other exe file which may be suspicious.

If any of the above files are there, then probably the USB drive is infected. In command prompt type attrib -r -a -s -h *.* and press enter. This will remove the Read Only, Archive, System and hidden file attribute from all the files. Now just delete the files using the command del filename. example del Ravmon.exe. Delete all the files that are suspicious. To be on a safer side, just scan the USB drive with an anti virus program to check whether it is free of virus or not. Now remove the drive and plug it again. In most of the cases, the real culprit turns out to be the “Autorun.inf” file which mostly gets executed when someone clicks Ok in the dialog window which appears above. Thus the infections can spread

Security Tip
Disable the Autoplay feature of USB drives. If you disable the Autoplay feature of USB drives, then there are lesser chances of the virus spreading. A tool which can perform such a function is Tweak UI. Download it from here install it.

Run the program. Now you can disable the Autoplay feature of the removable drives as shown above. By following the above steps, you can keep your USB drives clean.

Update: Tweak UI is a freeware software you can download it here: http://www.filehippo.com/download_tweakui/

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Make Windows XP Shutdown Faster than ever

You can make your shut down process a bit faster by the following tweak.
Steps: (download the registry file)
1. This step is very important.Export (right click > Export) the following keys and save it to a safer place.
HKEY CURRENT USER\Control Panel\DesktopHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control

2. Open Notepad, copy and paste the following to the Notepad.Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop]"AutoEndTasks"="1""HungAppTimeout"="1000""WaitToKillAppTimeout"="2000"

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control]"WaitToKillServiceTimeout"="2000"

3. Save the file and close Notepad.
4. Change extension of the file from .txt (text file) to .reg (registry file).
5. Double click open this file and click Yes and the OK .

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Speedup Your Folder Browsing.

You may have noticed that everytime you open my computer to browse folders that there is a slight delay. This is because Windows XP automatically searches for network files and printers everytime you open Windows Explorer. To fix this and to increase browsing significantly:

1. Open My Computer
2. Click on Tools menu
3. Click on Folder Options
4. Click on the View tab.
5. Uncheck the Automatically search for network folders and printers check box
6. Click Apply
7. Click Ok
8. Reboot your computer

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How to disable Windows XP Boot logo

It is possible to disable the XP splash screen, which will slightly speed up the overall boot process. Be aware that removing the splash screen will also cause you not to see any boot-up messages that might come up (chkdsk, convert … ), but if your system runs without any problems then it should not matter.

• Edit boot.ini.
• Add ” /noguiboot” right after “/fastdetect”.

Upon restarting, the splash screen will be gone. It can be re-enabled by removing the new switch.

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Optimize Computer Performance

Some people think that optimizing the computer's performance is a difficult task. But, it is actually a simple and easy task. Just take the following simple steps to optimize the computer's performance. Use all these tips together to get good results:

1. Check registry files: Registry files control the software systems and programs on a computer. They can become damaged when you uninstall a program. Generally, uninstalling one program lead to a problem with another program that shared similar registry files. Therefore, use some good registry scanning software to determine if everything is working fine. There are lot of good registry scanners available in the market. Some of them are free wares. You can use any of these. (See my other posts on Registry Scanners: Abexo Registry Cleaner and Registry Cleaner Software
2. Remove unwanted icons from desktop: The easiest ways to optimize the computer’s performance is to cleanup the things on the desktop. The icons which you never use slow down a computer. Deleting these icons will free up some memory and speed up the computer. If you mistakenly Install
   any application / software on the desktop, then be very carefull.
3. Upgrade the computer's memory: Buying a memory may be costly, but it's very simple and easy way to speed up your computer. It will also fix memory errors if any. Before buying the memory / RAM for your computer, look for shops, make a survey and find a best value deal.
4. Use Program uninstallers: Many times, when programs are removed, they leave behind some traces. So, use a program uninstaller to uninstall or remove installed software. Choose any good uninstaller software like Advanced Uninstaller PRO or Total Uninstall etc.
5. Delete every unwanted program from the task bar. They utilize memory and slowdown the computer. You can do this by following simple steps:

• Click on Start > Run. Enter MsCONFIG. Press enter key. Click on Start UP. Here you will find a list of start up programs.
• Uncheck programs like real players, Office startup, Quicken Reminder, etc.
• Do NOT uncheck systray, Explorer and Virus check or scheduler programs.

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How to access the sharing data offline

Access the shared data offline allows you to keep using your shared files, folders and software programs when disconnected from the data server. When you reconnect to your data server, all files will be synchronized to the files on the network.

There are two types of configurations required to set the access shared folders offline available, one for data server and other for client computer.

Configuration on Data Server.

First locate the folders that you would like to share or make new folders then share these folders so they can be accessible to any one on the network.

Now right click on that folder and click on the option "Sharing and security".

A small dialog box will appear with the title "data properties". Under the "Sharing" tab, select the check box "Share this folder on the network" under the "Network sharing and security".

Now set the share level permissions that you want to give the users on every folder. Enable cache of share folders by click on cache button (by default it will be enabled).

Configuration on Client Computer

On the client computer, first open My Computer then click on Tools.

In Tools menu bar, click on Folder Options, a window will appear with the title Folder Options.

Under the Offline File tab, check the option Enable Offline File. Here you can choose the synchronization process "Synchronize all offline files when logging on", "Synchronize all offline files before logging off" and others.

Click on Apply button to save the settings and then Ok button to close this window.

Now sitting on the client computer, try to access the shared folder from the data server.

First Right click on the shared folder and Click on Make available offline.

To synchronizing the offline work from client computer to data server, again open My Computer then click on Tools. Click on Synchronize then click on synchronizing button.

After that down to data server and then try to access share folders by give the UNC (Universal Naming Convention) path of data server. But it will be accessible weather the server is down or up.

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